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1 Assistant Clinical Professor of Radiology, University of Colorado Medical Center, and Radiologist, St. Joseph Hospital and Porter Memorial Hospital, Denver, Colorado.
Epidermoid and dermoid sequestration cysts are a form of heterotopia due to displaced or implanted ectoderm. They are unrelated to benign cystic teratomas. Congenital cysts occur following inclusion of epidermis at time of embryonic closure of the neural groove or of epithelial fusion lines in the head and neck and about the anus. If only epidermis is included, the cyst is an epidermoid. A dermoid cyst is formed if dermal elements are also present. If either communicates with the skin, a dermal sinus is created.
Acquired cysts may be post-traumatic or iatrogenic. The former generally occur in the phalanges while iatrogenic cysts follow surgery or spinal puncture.
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