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A Sound Perspective

Honoring Hebar Robarts, MD and G. P. Girdwood, MD

George R. Leopold1

1 Department of Radiology, UCSD Medical Center, University of California, 200 W. Arbor Dr., San Diego, CA 92103.



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  		Hebar Robarts, 1st and 2nd President, 1900–1902

 


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  		G. P. Girdwood, 3rd President 1902–1903

 


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  		Fig. 1. —A-mode sonograms at low (top) and high (bottom) gain settings show typical cystic pattern.

 


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  		Fig. 2. —Healthy patient without midline shift. A-mode sonogram shows right to left (top) and left to right (bottom) recordings.

 


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  		Fig. 3 —40-year-old patient with tumor of right cerebral hemisphere. A-mode sonogram shows marked shift of midline structures toward left.

 


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  		Fig. 4. —M-mode sonogram of posterior heart wall in healthy patient. X-axis represents distance from anterior chest wall; y-axis is elapsed time.

 


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  		Fig. 5. —Rheumatic heart disease and pericardial effusion in 28-year-old patient. M-mode sonogram shows splitting of posterior heart wall complex in moving myocardial and stationary pericardial components.

 


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  		Fig. 6. —Healthy patient. M-mode sonogram display shows anterior mitral valve leaflet.

 


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  		Fig. 7. —Patient with mitral stenosis. M-mode sonogram shows valve thickening and restricted motion.

 


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  		Fig. 8. —Early articulated arm, contact B-scanner. On left, transducer hangs from end of three-rodded arm. On right is recording console, which has both large recording phosphor and camera for direct photography.

 


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  		Fig. 9. —Patient with renal mass identified on excretory urography. B-scan sonogram shows mass with cyst characteristics and typical "bleeding" of posterior aspect of cyst in phosphor.

 


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  		Fig. 10. —Patient with autosomal dominant polycystic disease. B-scan sonogram with patient prone questionably shows cysts.

 


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  		Fig. 11. —Healthy patient. [In 1971, convention was to view sonogram downward from above.]

A, Axial B-scan sonogram of liver edge, gallbladder, and right kidney.

 


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  		Fig. 11. —Healthy patient. [In 1971, convention was to view sonogram downward from above.]

B, Sagittal B-mode sonogram at level of gallbladder. Note "bistable" nature of image—all echoes are of same intensity.

 


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  		Fig. 12. —Woman in midtrimester of pregnancy. Open shutter B-scan in sagittal plane shows weak gray-scale echoes arising from anterior placenta.

 


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  		Fig. 13. —Healthy patient. Axial B-scan shows liver. Early gray-scale analog scan converter was used.

 


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  		Fig. 14. —20-year-old patient with amebic liver abscess. Axial gray-scale B-scan shows abscess with good distinction from healthy liver parenchyma.

 


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  		Fig. 15. —Healthy woman in early pregnancy. Sagittal B-scan shows a normal 14-week fetus.

 


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  		Fig. 16. —Healthy woman in late pregnancy. Axial B-scan of fetal head shows intracranial detail, including cerebral peduncles.

 

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