Malignant Thymic Epithelial Tumors
CT-Pathologic Correlation
Kyung-Jae Jung1,2,
Kyung Soo Lee1,
Joungho Han3,
Jhingook Kim4,
Tae Sung Kim1 and
Eun A. Kim1
1
Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University,
School of Medicine, 50, Ilwon-Dong, Kangnam-Ku, Seoul 135-710, Korea.
2
Present address: Department of Radiology, Taegu Catholic Medical Center,
Catholic University of Taegu-Hyosung School of Medicine, Taegu 705-718,
Korea.
3
Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan
University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea.
4
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan
University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea.

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Fig. 1A. Atypical thymoma in 35-year-old woman with myasthenia gravis.
CT scan using mediastinal window of unenhanced thin-section (1-mm) collimation
obtained at level of azygos arch shows 18-mm left anterior mediastinal mass
(arrows) with smooth margin. Mediastinal fat plane is well
preserved.
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Fig. 1B. Atypical thymoma in 35-year-old woman with myasthenia gravis.
Photomicrograph of histologic specimen shows organotypical features of thymic
differentiation in low magnification. Note lobular pattern with intervening
septa (solid arrows) and perivascular cystic spaces (open
arrows). (H and E, x40)
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Fig. 1C. Atypical thymoma in 35-year-old woman with myasthenia gravis.
Photomicrograph of histologic specimen shows epithelial cells with atypical
polygonal features (distinct epidermoid differentiation) (arrows).
Cells are admixed with small lymphocytes (arrowheads). (H and E,
x200)
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Fig. 2A. Thymic large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in 22-year-old man
with Cushing's syndrome. Enhanced CT scan (7-mm collimation) obtained at
subcarinal level shows 27-mm mass in right anterior mediastinum. Mass contains
nodular calcification (arrow) and shows enhancement, with slightly
higher attenuation than chest wall muscles. Fat plane between mass and
adjacent mediastinal structure is not obliterated.
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Fig. 2B. Thymic large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in 22-year-old man
with Cushing's syndrome. Photomicrograph of histologic specimen shows organoid
growth pattern in low magnification. Note absence of organotypical features
(interlobular septa and perivascular cystic spaces) of thymic differentiation.
(H and E, x40)
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Fig. 3A. Thymic small cell and neuroendocrine carcinoma in 43-year-old
man with dyspnea. Enhanced CT scans (7-mm collimation) obtained at levels of
aortic (A) and azygos (B) arches, respectively, show 120-mm
slightly heterogeneous anterior mediastinal mass with lobulated margin. Left
innominate vein was obliterated by tumor invasion. Superior vena cava is seen
to contain tumor thrombus (arrow, A) in A and is
markedly narrowed and compressed in B. Also note stippled calcification
(arrows, B) in tumor on B.
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Fig. 3B. Thymic small cell and neuroendocrine carcinoma in 43-year-old
man with dyspnea. Enhanced CT scans (7-mm collimation) obtained at levels of
aortic (A) and azygos (B) arches, respectively, show 120-mm
slightly heterogeneous anterior mediastinal mass with lobulated margin. Left
innominate vein was obliterated by tumor invasion. Superior vena cava is seen
to contain tumor thrombus (arrow, A) in A and is
markedly narrowed and compressed in B. Also note stippled calcification
(arrows, B) in tumor on B.
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Fig. 3C. Thymic small cell and neuroendocrine carcinoma in 43-year-old
man with dyspnea. CT scan obtained at level of intrahepatic inferior vena cava
shows pleural effusion and nodular lesions (arrows), suggesting
pleural tumor implantation.
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Fig. 4A. Thymic small cell carcinoma in 70-year-old woman with chest
discomfort. Enhanced CT scan (7-mm collimation) obtained at subcarinal level
shows 53-mm left anterior mediastinal mass with inhomogeneous attenuation.
Adjacent mediastinal fat plane is partially obliterated.
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Fig. 4B. Thymic small cell carcinoma in 70-year-old woman with chest
discomfort. Enhanced CT scan obtained at level of lower lobar bronchi shows
enlarged lymph nodes in right hilum (arrowhead) and subcarinal area
(arrow).
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Fig. 4C. Thymic small cell carcinoma in 70-year-old woman with chest
discomfort. Enhanced CT scan obtained at level of liver dome shows nodular and
bandlike thickening of pleura (arrows).
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Fig. 4D. Thymic small cell carcinoma in 70-year-old woman with chest
discomfort. Enhanced CT scan obtained at level of mid pole of kidney shows two
round areas of poorly defined low attenuation (arrows) in liver,
suggesting hepatic metastases.
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