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Fig. 1. —Schematic drawing shows origin of protein fragments. Amyloid
precursor protein (APP) is neuronal cell membrane surface receptor and is
source of amyloid and nonamyloid protein fragments. Both fragments are
released from surface receptor by different enzymatic secretases (
,
ß, 
). Activated amyloid B protein (ABP) forms amyloid. Activated
APP soluble (APPs) increases length and branching of axons and dendrites. Both
fragments contain binding sites (BS) that activate fragments. Heparin sulfate
(HS) bonds to both ABP and APPs; nerve growth factor (NGF) bonds to APPs.
